The Fulbright Scholar Program provides grants to qualified Azerbaijani citizens to conduct research at America's most prestigious universities and institutions of higher learning. The length of grants ranges from three to nine months.

The eligible fields for the Fulbright Scholarship Program are:

In order to be eligible to apply for the Fulbright Scholar Program, at the time of application the applicant must be:

• a citizen of Azerbaijan
• in possession of a doctoral degree
• able to demonstrate a level of English language proficiency that allows one to conduct advanced scholarly activities in English
• affiliated with a university, science academy, or research office organization
• in good health

The program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State, and it is the largest U.S. international exchange program offering opportunities for students, scholars, and professionals to undertake international graduate study, advanced research, university teaching, and teaching in elementary and secondary schools worldwide. The Fulbright Program was established in 1946 by the U.S. Congress to "enable the government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries". Approximately six thousand grants were awarded in 2007, at a cost of more than $262 million, to U.S. students, teachers, professionals, and scholars to study, teach, lecture, and conduct research in more than 155 countries, and to their foreign counterparts to engage in similar activities in the United States. The primary source of funding comes through an annual appropriation from Congress to the Department of State. In addition, participating governments and host institutions in foreign countries, and in the United States, also contribute financially through cost-sharing and indirect support, e.g., through salary supplements, tuition waivers, and university housing.